Archive for May 9th, 2009

Which Is Worse - Bankruptcy or Foreclosure? Posted By : Stacy Fox
Which is worse - bankruptcy or foreclosure? The answer to that lies in figuring out what your long-term financial goals are.

7 Reasons Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Might Be Right for You
Changes in bankruptcy laws have left many to erroneously think that they can no longer declare bankruptcy. This is not true. Filing for bankruptcy is a decision that should not be made without first seeking the qualified counsel of a Texas bankruptcy lawyer. A Texas bankruptcy lawyer can help you decide which form of bankruptcy is best for you. Under Chapter 13 a debtor is given the ability to liquidate assets and set up a debt repayment plan that best suits them. This can give you the relief you need from high credit bills and other debt. The first step under chapter 13 is to receive credit counseling and budget analysis from an approved counseling service. This step can be omitted in a few situations of hardship, but most will have to undergo the counseling. It is an important step that must be taken to prevent your case from being dismissed. Speak with a qualified bankruptcy lawyer today to discuss your options under Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Generally speaking, Chapter 13 may be right for you if: 1. You have a stable source of income. You must be able to regularly make payments to pay back your debt. 2. You have enough disposable income after all expenses are paid to make regular payments for your debt. There is no set value for this. The courts will require a proposed budget to determine if you satisfy this requirement. 3. Your secured debts are less than $922,975 and your unsecured debts do not exceed $307,675. 4. You are behind on mortgage or vehicle payments you intend to keep 5. You have tax debt, or student loans 6. You have a large amount of non exempt property you do not wish to lose. 7. You have a cosigner on your loans you wish to protect

Michele Wallace, author of this article, writes for the <a href= http://www.maliselawfirm.com/><b> MaliseLawFirm"</b></a>. Hire experienced <a href=http://www.maliselawfirm.com/><b>"San Antonio bankrupty attorneys"</b></a> with Malaise and get the debt relief you deserve.

Shouldn t you be able to discharge your student loans in a bankruptcy?
Many students today leave college and graduate schools with mounting bills before they ever commence their employment life. In many cases these student loans can amount to an excess of $200,000. The monthly payments new graduates face can be as significant as $1,200 per month. Couple that payment with the uncertainty of the US and world economy and the situation truly appears to be grim. Many of today s young professionals and working class amass large unsecured debt through credit card purchases just to get by. They do not earn even as much money as the median person in their state. Many have purchased homes with current fair market values worth many thousands of dollars less then their mortgages, and in many cases fall behind on their payments. What are their options negotiate with their creditors? If these debtors can not afford to commit to the massive payments, then negotiation is not an option. Their only true salvation is a chapter 7 bankruptcy.

The debtors certainly can get some relief from filing for bankruptcy. If they have incurred massive credit card debt, medical bills, or even judgments for failure to pay debts, those all can be wiped out as unsecured debt. If they can not afford their home, they can always walk away from it. Even if the bank can not recoup their money and obtains a deficiency judgment against the debtor, that judgment is not secured as the mortgage was, it can also be stripped. However, many young debtors largest concern and most significant payment comes in the form of their student loan. What happens to that debt? Currently, a student loan is not secured in any collateral, but it is considered a priority debt, and can not be wiped out quite so easily.

In order for a debt to be discharged, it first must be classified as a consumer debt. The debt must have been incurred for a personal, household or family purpose. For example, most courts have held that taxes are not consumer debts within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Code. Debts incurred in the production of income are generally not considered consumer debts. Compass Bank v. Meyer (In re Meyer), 296 B.R. 849 (2003). Other courts, including two courts of appeals, have adopted the ”profit motive” test. Baskin v. G. Fox and Co., 550 F. Supp. 64 (D. Conn. 1982). Under this test, a debt is not a consumer debt if it ”was incurred with an eye toward profit.” In re Booth, 858 F.2d 1051, 1055, (5th Cir. 1988). If a debt is incurred partly for business purposes and partly for personal, family or household purposes, the term ”primarily” in the definition suggests that whether the debt is a ”consumer debt” should depend upon which purpose predominates. Presumably, this determination would normally turn on the purpose for which most of the funds were obtained. In re Booth. Under this test, courts have concluded that student loans may or may not be consumer debts, depending in part on the motivation for obtaining them. In re Stewart, 175 F.3d 796 (B.A.P. 10th Cir. 1997). The court held a student loan classification depends on facts; in the case, classification of a portion of medical school loans as consumer debt was not erroneous.

If a court determines that a student loan is a consumer debt, which in and of itself still will not provide grounds to discharge the loan. A court must find pursuant to Section 523(a)(8) of the US Bankruptcy Code, that the student loan qualifies as an undue hardship which allows the court to discharge an otherwise nondischargeable priority debt if excluding the debt from discharge will necessitate an undue hardship on the debtor or the debtor’s dependents. Such a judicial decision is discretionary with the bankruptcy judge in determining whether payment of the debt will cause undue hardship on the debtor, thus defeating the ”fresh start” concept of the bankruptcy laws.

The most widely used test for evaluating the dischargeability of a student loan under section 523(a)(8) states that the debt is dischargeable if three conditions are met:

1. The debtor cannot maintain, based on current income and expenses, a ”minimal” standard of living if forced to repay the loans;
2. There are indications that the state of affairs is likely to persist for a significant portion of the repayment period; and
3. The debtor made good faith efforts to repay the loans. Brunner v. New York State Higher Educ. Servs. Corp., 831 F.2d 395 (2d Cir. 1987)

The Supreme Court has stated that section 523(a)(8) is ‘’self-executing” and that ”[u]nless the debtor affirmatively secures a hardship determination, the discharge order will not include a student loan debt.” Tennessee Student Assistance Corp. v. Hood, 541 U.S. 440 (2004). In other words, student loan debt remains due until there is a determination that the loan is dischargeable. Underwood v. United Student Aid Funds, Inc. (In re Underwood), 299 B.R. 471 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2003).

To demonstrate the current criteria used by the Bankruptcy court to discharge a student loan, the district of Massachusetts has set a high bar. The debtor was a 32 year old unmarried woman who suffered from relapsing, recurring Multiple Sclerosis. The debtor’s currently monthly income totaled $ 1101. The court found that the debtor’s minimum expenses exceed her income. The debtor would have to give up her telephone and her gas money to become even marginally solvent. The court also found that the debtor had made Herculean efforts to both find work of a type she could perform and actually work despite facing daunting physical obstacles. Finally, the court found that the debtor’s current condition, which had worsened since she first became symptomatic, would continue to impair her ability to find employment that would improve her financial status. The court reasoned in part that it had been able to observe many of the debtor’s symptoms first-hand. Denittis v. Educ. Credit Mgmt. Corp. (In re Denittis), 362 B.R. 57 (First Circuit for the District of Massachusetts 2007).

As a further example of how precarious a debtor s situation must be, the same court as above denied the debtor s motion to discharge her student loan. The court held the educational loans were not dischargeable under 11 U.S.C.S. 523(a)(8) because the debtor’s prospects for increasing income over time were promising and, by slightly cutting her expenses, she could make the minimal payments towards her student loan obligations under the Income Contingent Repayment Plan. Brunell v. Citibank (SD) N.A. (In re Brunell), 356 B.R. 567 (1st Circuit, 2006).

The forgoing article on bankruptcy relief from student loans was drafted by Attorney Michael Goldstein, a <a href="http://www.goldsteinandclegglaw.com/bankruptcy_blog">Massachusetts Bankruptcy Attorney</a>.

Debtor's Rights - Credit Report
A bad credit report can prevent you from obtaining credit. If you have trouble obtaining credit, it might be because a credit agency has issued a bad report on you. You might be able to obtain a copy of your report and -if it contains false information - get it corrected. Can I see my credit report? If you are denied credit, you are entitled to a free copy of the consumer credit report that formed the basis of the denial. The creditor is required to tell you the name of the credit reporting agency that prepared the report on you. You must request a copy of your credit report from the agency within sixty days of the denial. The three major credit reporting agencies are: Experian, (800) 301-7195 Equifax, (800) 525-6285 Trans Union, (800) 680-7289 When the creditor tells you the name of the reporting agency that furnished the report, call them to find out their address. Then write a letter to the agency requesting a copy of your report. Even if you have not been denied credit, it is probably a good idea to check your credit report for accuracy periodically. They often contain mistakes, and when you want to get a loan, you may not have time to correct them. Because you haven’t been denied credit, the report isn’t free. The credit reporting agency is allowed to charge you no more than $8.00 for a copy of your report. What information is in a credit report? In general, your credit report will contain information about your credit history during the last seven years. It will show: Whomyou have borrowed money from The amount of the debt Whether or not you made the promised payment on time and in full The identity of any creditor who has requested information about you If you file bankruptcy, the information remains on your credit report for ten years. What if my credit report is incorrect? You have a legal right to challenge the completeness and accuracy of any item in the report. Write a letter to the credit reporting agency explaining that some of the information in the report is incomplete or inaccurate. The agency must investigate your claim - without charge - within thirty days. The agency is required to delete any information that is inaccurate or whose accuracy cannot be verified. If the credit reporting agency’s investigation does not resolve the dispute, you have the right to send the agency a brief statement (generally 100 words or fewer) explaining your position. Your statement will become a part of your credit report and will be disclosed to creditors together with the other information in your file. If you believe a credit reporting agency has violated your rights, contact the Federal Trade Commission or see a lawyer who specializes in consumer rights.

Henry Dahut. Please Visit Us at www.GotTrouble.com

Different Ways to File the Bankruptcy
A bankruptcy is the last option any businessman wants to take. They can cause a big dent on their credit rating and deeply ruin their reputation. But sometimes filing for bankruptcy is the only solution to get a person out of dire straits. An important thing when looking for the right form is location. Make sure it is for the state and whatever locality that you are in. State laws vary widely, so it is especially important to find the form for the state you live in. It is worthless if it’s for the wrong state. Also, make sure that the form is official. Look for government seals, or compare it with the others, and it will be easy to see whether it is or not. Filing with an illegitimate form won’t do you much good. There are various steps which you must follow when you want to file the bankruptcy. First, you have to fill out a bankruptcy form where you will provide your personal information and information on your finances, recent financial transactions, secured and unsecured debts, expenses, creditors, assets, and tax returns. This will serve as a petition. Upon filing, you will have to submit one original copy plus three other copies to your local United States bankruptcy court. You will keep one copy for yourself for reference. At this stage, you can ask the help of a bankruptcy lawyer to help you decide on what kind of bankruptcy you want to file. If you choose to file a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you will be required to pass a repayment plan of three to five years. Research your options as it relates to filing. Some people choose to file without the aid of a lawyer. But it’s highly recommended to hire a lawyer. Your research should help you decide on a lawyer. In most cases, people who choose large firms to represent them will work with a paralegal and not the lawyer. Try to find a firm in which you have direct contact with your lawyer. In filing a bankruptcy case, do not use your credit cards. If you do so with the intent to file, a creditor can challenge the discharge of the debt owed or even your right to discharge any debt. If you obtained the debt knowing that you could not repay it, you may not be able to discharge that debt if the creditor challenges it through a lawsuit, or adversary proceeding, in your bankruptcy case. Immediately upon filing, there will be a provision to prevent creditors from contacting you or laying claim on your property for a month. After a month, the bankruptcy trustee will call for a meeting where you and your creditors will have to attend. This meeting is called the 341 meeting. This meeting usually lasts just five minutes. If both parties are not able to compromise and an objection is made, a judge will intervene. If a compromise is reached however, a notice from the court will be sent to you after four to six months discharging you from debts.

Steve Buchanan writes article on many topics including <a href="http://www.bankruptcyinformations.com">Bankruptcy advice</a> and <a href="http://blog.bankruptcyinformations.com">bankruptcy information</a>.

Bankruptcy Alternatives Explained
There are many steps you can take in efforts to improve your credit, eliminate your debt, and avoid bankruptcy. Which should be the ultimate goal of all people, while bankruptcy is an excellent method of helping you clear up your debt, it should only be used as a last resort. Bankruptcy remains on your credit for up to ten years and it could result in the inability to retain any other type of credit until it has been removed or several years has passed.

On thing that a debtor can do, this is especially true if they have no income or assets, is to do nothing. Yes that is right nothing, if you have no assets or income that can be garnished bankruptcy would not benefit you in any way, your financial situation would not change as a result. It is likely that without anything of high value, credits would not attempt to take any court action against you because there would be nothing they could collect.

Another step you could take is to undergo credit counseling, you would learn how to manage your money to reduce the debt. You could create a budget that contains your monthly income and expenses, thus reducing expenses. By doing this, any extra money you have could go towards reducing the debt you owe to creditors.

You could also begin negotiation with your creditors, most of them realize that bankruptcy is a viable option for those who have more debt than they can handle. For this reason, most will be willing to ?take what they can get? rather than get nothing if the debtor files bankruptcy. This option requires that the debtor has income or assets that can be used in efforts to raise money to apply towards the debt you owe. Additionally, this can allow you to rebuild your credit instead of applying a negative bankruptcy on it.

Debt consolidation is another bankruptcy alternative that many could consider, by consolidating your debts into one low monthly payment you could easily reduce the amount of your debt, get the creditors off your back and avoid bankruptcy.

Finally, another option of avoiding bankruptcy is to make a formal proposal directly to your creditors. This proposal or also knows as a deal, will allow you to create a payment plan. It is all dependent upon what area of the world you live in and the laws surrounding the area of debt compromise.

Tim Renolds is the owner of <a href="http://www.loan-source.co.uk">Debt Consolidation Loan</a> providing Uk homeowners with a free loan quote service. Visit us today for a free no obligation quote.

10 ways to protect your self from bankruptcy caused by prolonged illness.
Accidents and prolonged sickness can be a drain both emotionally as well as financially. Sometimes money crunch is caused by the inability to hold a job, or when the medical bills escalate and it becomes increasingly difficult to balance expenses. Further, medical insurance may prove insufficient or will not cover long term medications. Life has become such that one needs to think about and plan for any eventuality. Experts recommend the following: 1. Ask your doctor for samples of medication. 2. Often an older drug is effective and cheaper. Request the doctor to write a prescription for a drug that is more affordable. According to studies you can save up to 75% this way. 3. Find out the generic name of the medication and choose to purchase it instead of branded medication —the saving can amount to as much as 70%. 4. Very often companies sell higher dosages of medication for a marginally higher cost. Be prudent, buy the higher dosage and spilt the medication in half, one-third, or quarters. The savings you can make are almost 50 %. 5. Order 90-day supplies in bulk from discount mail order pharmacies or online services. The savings are considerable and many doctors help long term patients reduce costs by putting the patients in touch with distributors. 6. If a particular medication is very expensive ask the doctor to recommend a substitute. This is known as therapeutic substitution. 7. Do try comparison shopping. You will find that the same medication is priced differently in local pharmacies, online outlets, and chain stores. Online pharmacies like http://www.walgreens.com/, www.costco.com , or http://www.drugstore.com/ offer medications at affordable prices. 8. There are several patient-assistance programs that offer free or discounted medication to those who cannot afford long term illness. Companies like Merck have programs that benefit uninsured patients. Medicines are given at discounts of 10-40%. 9. If you or a family member travels frequently you could buy your medicines abroad. Often the same medicine manufactured by the same company is much cheaper overseas. One can also order medicine by mail from Canada where medicines cost 30-50% less than the US. But do check the laws before you attempt this. 10. Start a health saving account where you can save pre tax dollars towards unforeseen medical expenses. This has a high deductible. Find out if you or other family members are eligible. Use an insurance broker who always thinks of you. He must keep you updated on all new developments as far as health schemes are concerned and make sure you reap all the benefits of the insurance scheme. You could also consider a critical illness policy in addition to a regular health insurance.

Paul Wilson is a freelance writer for http://www.1888Discuss.com/home-improvement/ , the premier REVENUE SHARING discussion forum for Home Improvements Forum including topics on buying, selling and insuring, automobile, electronics and more. He also freelances for submit free press release http://www.1888PressRelease.com/Legal-0-23.html

Bankruptcy And You - Everything You Need to Know about Bankruptcy Posted By : Sylvia Rolfe
There are four major types of bankruptcy in the United States. Each type is named for its respective chapter in the United States bankruptcy code. Which one would apply to you depends on several factors including whether or not you are individual or a business.

Bankruptcy Lawyer: Your Final Solution When Running Out Of Options
Before rushing to a lawyer to assist you in filing for bankruptcy, you have to make sure what is bankruptcy and what is not. Only then will you have to find a bankruptcy lawyer that you can work with in filing your case. Many people rush to file for bankruptcy thinking that it will solve their financial problems. The opposite is often true.

Declaring your business to be legally bankrupt, only mean that you have done everything you could and there is no way for recovery. It means being deep in debt that it will already be impossible for you to sustain the business.

There are kinds and variations to bankruptcy and the legal process will depend very much on where you are coming from but the purpose is the same. Bankruptcy cases will take years to resolve. The court will determine what debts do not have to be repaid and what will be directly deducted from your income.

In the interim, credit lines will be closed to you. Your credit history will be tainted and no credit institution will want to do business with you. Back taxes that you owe will still have to be paid and obligations will still be enforced like alimony and child support.

When there is no resolution that is possible, finding a good bankruptcy lawyer will then be the only recourse.

A good bankruptcy lawyer should be someone you can be comfortable talking with. Someone you can trust and someone who has displayed competence in handling bankruptcy. This is very important as communication between you and the lawyer must be based on trust. There have been so many instances when the client holds back on information that he thinks is not so significant only to learn later on that the piece of information that was withheld posed additional complication to the case. Withholding information from your bankruptcy lawyer pose problems where non existed before. Bankruptcy lawyers can only help the client to the extent of the knowledge that the lawyer has. It is crucial then that the client works with the lawyer. This is in the first place the client?s future that is at stake.

Do not hesitate to interview the lawyer prior to retaining him. Ask the lawyer questions and a good lawyer must answer you in a language that you can understand. If you don?t, do not be afraid to clarify statements that could be ambiguous to you. Find out a bankruptcy lawyer that already has an extensive experience in handling bankruptcy cases. Whenever possible find a bankruptcy lawyer who is a specialist. Avoid the generalist, as they may not be able to help you as much.

If you feel uncomfortable talking with a particular bankruptcy lawyer, find another one. You can visit the local bar association to find out their recommendation.

When you visit your bankruptcy lawyer, bring a list of all the creditors that you owe, including payments to personal loans that you are not left behind and a list of all your assets and liabilities. The more information you provide the bankruptcy lawyer, the better and more accurate the recommendations he will give you. Remember that lawyers can only work as good as the information that you provide.

Cooperate well in giving your lawyer the data regarding your case because you are in the best position to give those to him. You also will be the person that will either suffer or benefit from the outcome.

Robert Thatcher is a freelance publisher based in Cupertino, California. He publishes articles and reports in various ezines and provides bankruptcy lawyer resources on <a href="http://www.your-bankruptcy-lawyer.info">www.your-bankruptcy-lawyer.info</a>.

Don t Lose Your Home! Contact a Bankruptcy Attorney Today!
The decision to file bankruptcy is a serious decision but it is a decision that can give you a fresh start if there is no other way out. Bankruptcy is a legal way to discharge unsecured debt that can provide an overwhelmed debtor with a new beginning. It may be possible to keep your present home and your car after filing bankruptcy. A law firm such as the Malaise Law Firm, with attorneys skilled in San Antonio baenkruptcy law can help you decide if bankruptcy is the correct decision for your particular situation. If the decision is made to file bankruptcy, they will explain to you the pros and cons of the two types of bankruptcy available to individuals, Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 is what most people usually think of as bankruptcy. In Chapter 7 bankruptcy, a debtor s non-exempt assets are liquidated or sold with the proceeds used to pay toward unsecured debts such as credit cards, loans, and medical bills. In the majority of bankruptcy cases people do not lose any property and the unsecured creditors get nothing. Several months after filing bankruptcy the unsecured debts are discharged and the creditors can never collect on the debt. A secured creditor may still enforce a lien to recover property secured by the lien. Chapter 13 is a debt reorganization or consolidation bankruptcy. If a debtor has regular monthly income, their debts including mortgage arrears, car payments, credit card bills, medical bills, loans, student loans, etc. are combined into one low monthly payment. Since the debtor is paying back their creditors through a repayment plan, the debtor does not risk losing their assets as they may under Chapter 7 bankruptcy laws. During the repayment plan creditors are prevented from contacting the debtor without first going through the debtor s bankruptcy attorney and the court. Millions of people declared bankruptcy in 2007 to get the fresh start they needed. Contrary to popular belief, your credit is not permanently damaged and it is still possible to get credit after filing bankruptcy. At the Malaise Law Firm, our San Antonio bankruptcy attorneys have over 40 years experience helping people file bankruptcy, with two board certified attorneys. We put our emphasis on helping our clients do what is in their best interest and our clients needs always come first. The Malaise Law Firm serves the residents of San Antonio, Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, Corpus Christi, Harlingen, Brownsville, and McAllen, Texas with all of their legal needs including bankruptcy. If you would like to see what we can do to help you please contact The Malaise Law firm today at http://www.malaiselawfirm.com/contactus or call 1-800-BANKRUPT for immediate assistance. or call 1-800-BANKRUPT for immediate assistance.

Tom Moss writes about <a href ="http://www.MalaiseLawFirm.com">Bankruptcy San Antonio</a> laws.